Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 4

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example The paradigm shift in business has broadened the focus of organization beyond the achievement of its own goals and objectives to the creation of an environment where the members (in this case the employees) can also realize their individual and group objectives and desires within the organization structure. Employees are now concerned about their career paths within an organization above and beyond their monetary rewards. This career path requires the creation of programs and systems that allow for new knowledge and skill acquisition within the organization that allow for successive progression or growth of the individual alongside that of the overall organization (Berger & Berger, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the role of team cohesion and understanding on organizational performance. It examines how leadership can better enhance the relations amongst individuals, teams and management therein increasing their collective synergistic efforts towards the realization of optimal performance and achievement of set organizational targets and objectives. It also examines how the underlying differences between individuals within the organization can lead to frictions within the organization that can dent organizational performance and progress; therein showing how such frictions can be mitigated and managed as and when they arise. The paper employs several tasks involving team and individual relations; therein using theoretical team and performance management models to evaluate the usefulness of such tasks in building capacity for achieving optimum organizational performance. Reflection Group Formation and Analysis Approach I have chosen to use the Tuckman team model (1965) in organizing my reflections on the experiences gained from the various seminar activities or tasks. This is because the model offers a simple yet conclusive four- step approach involving forming, storming, norming, and performing phases for examining and managing the group dynam ics of individuals within a team. The first stage is absolutely vital in identifying members for your team. Figure 1: Tuckman Model for reflection The selection of team members can be done based on the roles identified for members within the team (Belbin, 2004). The formation of my team comprised individuals from multicultural backgrounds: Mathew Stroud (British) Alena Linhartova (Spanish) Virginia Bath (British) Abdulaziz Mohammed Al-Hunayshil (Saudi Arabia) Chunlin Chen (China) The distribution of roles within the team was arrived at based on Belbin’s self-perception inventory model (1981) which argued that team roles existed based on distinct individual preferences in addition to being behavioral and thought style-dependent. The model implied the prevailing of a more natural role in most occasions. Belbin initially had an eight role model where the roles were arrived at based on six factors namely: personality, mental ability, current value and motivation, field constraint s, experience, and role learning. He however failed to show the degree of variation within these factors.Later on, he added a ninth role; that of the specialist. Table 1: Belbin's Team

My personal response Essay Example for Free

My personal response Essay Personally I dont like Holmes as he comes off to me as an arrogant, self-absorbed person. When Roylott storms in and compares him to the police Holmes says Fancy his having the insolence to confound me with the official detective force Here he is saying that he is so much better than the police force and that he is stupid for comparing him to it. He is also very calm and not easily surprised as shown again when Roylott storms in, Sherlock answers him When you go out close the door, for there is a decided draught. He completely ignores the fact that Roylott is very angry,  Then there is Dr Roylott who is described as indulging in ferocious quarrels. , having a Violence of temper approaching to mania , being the Terror of the village and Absolutely uncontrollable in his anger Helen told Holmes of how he threw the local blacksmith into a stream, Roylott was portrayed as a very dangerous man. Conan Doyle wrote him well by building up a hate towards him that by the end when he died we have no sympathy for him just like Holmes. Lastly there is Helen Stoner who is petrified of Roylott and what she thought was impending death. When she arrives at Holmes residence she was shaking and when Holmes asked whether she was cold she replied It is not cold which makes me shiver, It is fear, Mr. Holmes. It is terror. She is very open with Holmes as I think she is really confused and just wants to know what happened to her sister as when Holmes says that he has a theory Helen gets very angry because he wont tell her. Sherlock Holmes is very good at maintaining interest and creating suspence mainly because he is very good with the language he chooses. Firstly Conan Doyle loves to use personification, stuff like It was a wild night, or gathering darkness this works as it adds a more personal feeling by writing actions or feelings which happens to us and linking them with objects.  He also uses mysteriousness about objects, animals or people just to get us hooked and we want to know more about it and it makes many questions in our heads which we want answered and we try to guess only to be surprised by the final twists and turns in the plot. When Conan Doyle sets the scene he uses many feelings and adjectives describing the place.  A moment later we were out on the dark road, a chill wind blowing in our faces, and one yellow light twinkling in front of us through the gloom to guide us on our sombre errand.  There was little difficulty in entering the grounds, for unrepaired breaches gaped in the old park wall.  This creates strong images in our head by using words like gaped and sombre with each individual word adds a little piece of the picture. Conan Doyle also adds strength to the picture by using strong versions of words like boomed and wild instead of weak words like called or rough.  My personal response to the book is that I didnt really enjoy the plot of the story but the way that Conan Doyle writes is amazing and it is blatant why he is so highly valued as a writer. I also enjoyed the way he described the settings and characters and used red herrings to have a big surprise twist at the end which was very thrilling reading.

The Construction Of Harmandir Sahib Theology Religion Essay

The Construction Of Harmandir Sahib Theology Religion Essay Ancient architecture is always very appealing in the variety of temples and pilgrimages throughout India. Each structure displays its own features and aspects in reflecting the Indian style of architecture. This particular architecture is based on the Sikh principals who have designed vast temples and pilgrimages from early to the late Sikh structures. A golden temple sitting in the middle of a pool of water commonly known as the Pool of Nectar, A temple for those who believed their elders have created a living symbol of the spiritual and historical traditions for the Sikh community. A place which glisters with gold covered exterior stands in the middle of a square tank filled with the water for the pure which brings forth a source of inspiration and primary place of pilgrimage for all Sikhs. This divines is known as the Harmandir Sahib (a word derived from the world of Punjab by their Punjabi language) meaning Temple of God which is commonly known as the Golden Temple or Darbar Sahib. The formation of such a divine place brings out the architecture of how the buildings were designed and the technology applied in its construction. History Construction of Harmandir Sahib: (Sri) Hamandir Sahib the Golden Temple, known for its beautiful scenery and layers of gold coating, named afeeter the Hari the temple of God. Sikhs all across the globe daily pray to visit Amritsar and pay homage to their Holy Harmandir Sahib in their Ardas. As early as from start of the late 14th century, Guru Arjan Dev 1st of the eleven Sikh gurus, founder of the Sikhism religion. Guru Nanak travelled to places far and wide preaching the message of the One God who lives in every one of His creations and constitutes the everlasting truth. Its part of the Sikh religion belief that the spirit of Guru Nanaks purity, spirituality and holy authority descended upon each of the 9 succeeding Gurus when the Guruship was transferred on to them. (Sharma) As the years passed by, guruship was devolved to the next in line eleven Sikh Gurus entrusted from the early times. Guru Arjan Sahib, the 5th Nanak, conceived the idea of creating a creating a central place of worship for the Sikhs and he himself designed the architecture of Sri Harmandir Sahib. Former planning to dig the holy tank (Amritsar or Amrit Sarovar ) was marked out by Guru Amardas Sahib, the 3rd Nanak, but was implemented by Guru Ramdas Sahib under the administration of Baba Budha ji. The site was initially procured by the ancestor Guru Sahibs without any payment or cost from the landlords of resident communities. The construction work on the Sarovar (the water tank) and the town started at the same time in around the year 1570. The work completed on both projects in the year of 1577 A.D.   (Jathedar Avtar Singh) The foundations were laid by a Muslim saint known as Hazrat Mian Mir ji origin of Lahore on 1st March 1645. The construction was directly administered by Guru Arjan Sahib himself and was assisted by the protruding Sikh personalities. Commencing the assembly on a higher level (a traditional in Hindu Temple architecture), Guru Arjan Sahib had it built on the lower level got it open from four sides. Therefore he created a representation of new faith and devotion for people believing on Sikhism. Guru Sahib also made it easily accessible and reachable to every person without any difference of Status, faith, sex and religion.  The construction work completed in start of the 16th century in 1601 A.D. around August or September -1604. The Guru Arjan Sahib then inaugurated the newly constructed statue of the Guru Granth Sahib in Sri Harmandir Sahib and appointed the first Baba Budha ji Granthi (the reader of Guru Granth Sahib). Afeeter this initiation the temple attained the status of Ath S ath Tirath. Now the entire Sikh nation had their specific pilgrimage centre (Tirath). (Jathedar Avtar Singh) The Golden temple Sri Harmandir Sahib, is built on a 67sqfeet. podium the sits in the centre of the Sarovar (water tank). The temple itself is only 40.5sqfeet, which opens a door on all fours sides. The arch (Darshani Deori) erects at the shoreline of the causeway. The frame door of the arch is 10feet high and 8feet 6inches in width. The panels on the door are decorated with artistic style which opens the door on to the bridge leading towards the main building of Sri Harmandir Sahib; measuring to 202 feet in length and 21 feet wide. The bridge connects with a 13 feet wide circumambulatory route (Pardakshna). Thus running it round the main temple and it leads to the Har ki Paure (steps of God). The temples main assembly is based on providing functionally. The front side is faced by the bridge and is decorated with repetitive cusped curves and the roof of the first floor is at the height of the 26 feet and 9 inches. On the top of the first floor, a four feet high bulwark rises from al l the sides which has also 4 Mamtees from the four corners of the central hall from where the main reservation rises; lies a small square room bearing three gates. A low fluted dome is situated on top of this room, having lots of lotus petal motives starting at the base where an inverted lotus supports the Kalash and Chhatri at the end. Sikhism architecture represents a distinctive synchronization between the Muslims and the Hindus method of construction work and thus reflects the best architectural examples in the world. It is quite ofeeten quoted that these kinds of designs have created an autonomous Sikh school of architecture in the antiquity of art in India. (Jathedar Avtar Singh)   The Structure of the Golden Temple: The Golden temple is bordered by a large Amrit Sarovar (pure water). The visitor has to pass through a causeway to reach Gurdwara (main temple). This temple has four entrances, which shows the acceptance and sincerity to all religions and statuses. It also consists of three floors; lowest floor is absorbed by the Amrit Sarovar (pure water) and is normally not visible, and can only be seen when the sarovar is getting cleaned by Kar Sewaks (religious volunteers). The first floor is made of pure white marble, ornamented with flowers of various kinds and animal pictures, which represents an excellent example of Pietra-Dura Art. Lastly, the second floor is embossed with pure gold. The interior of the temple consists of beautifully carved wooden panels, with prints of gold and silver work. The domed building called Sheesh Mahal also known as the Mirrored Hall, is composed of pieces of mirror of various shapes, sizes and colours. The temples architecture signifies the blend of Hindu and Mus lim elegances. The gold and marble work, were conducted under direct guidance of the Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Commander-cum-Civil Administrator Hukam Singh Chimni. (Nidhi) The magnificence of Sikh architecture Inspired by Guru Nanaks artistic spirituality, the Sikh architecture is a silent herald of complete humanism based on realistic spirituality (S.S.Bhatti) Many Sikh temples have a  deorhi,  an entrance doorway, through which when one has to pass before reaching the sanctuary. A  deorhi  is often a remarkable construction with a magnificent gateway, and sometimes runs lodging for office and other uses. The visitors get the first sight of the temple sanctorum from the  deorhi.  There are over 500 gurdwaras (temples), big and small, each having an historical past. The structures of Sikh tombs, when classified rendering to their plan, are of 4 rudimentary types: the four-sided, the quadrilateral, the eight-sided, and the cruciform. On the foundation of the number of levels, these gurdwaras have heights which may be from one to nine stories in height. A devotee would come across numerous interesting disparities of gurdwara-design worked out on the transformations and mixtures of the above-mentioned basic plan and elevation-types. (Madra) Sikh architecture has material building-types such as forts, palaces,  bungas (residential places), colleges, etc. The religious construction is the gurdwara, a place where the Guru lodges. A gurdwara is an important building of their faith, just as the masjids of Islam and mandir/temple for the Hindus, it is also, like its Islamic and Hindu counterparts, the key-note of Sikh architecture. (SikhiWiki) The main prerequisite for a gurdwara is that it should consist of a room in which the  Adi Granth, the Sikh Holy Book, can be placed and a small  sangat  (worshipers) can be seated to attend to the  path  or read from the Holy Book and to sing and perform the blessed verses. Gurdwaras have entrances on all (four) sides, representing that they are open to one and all without any discrimination of any kind. This unique feature also symbolizes the vital principle of the faith that God is universal. There are five historical sanctuaries which have been given the status of  takhts (thrones), where the  gurmattas  (spiritual-temporal verdicts) of a obligatory personality are taken through a agreement of the  sangat  (worshipers). Such harmony acts had great importance, heart-rending, as they did, the social and political life of the Sikh community. The 5  takhts  are: Akal Takht, Amritsar; Harmandir Sahib, Patna (Bihar state); Kesgarh Sahib, Anandpur (Ropar district ); Damdama Sahib, Talwandi Sabo (Gurdaspur district); and Hazoor Sahib, Nanded (Maharashtra state). Among these 5  takhts,  Akal Takht (the unchallengeable throne) is the most important by quality of its location in Amritsar, the Vatican City of the Sikhs. (S.S.Bhatti) As a rule, a  gumbad  (dome) is the crowning feature of any temple. Rarely, a sanctuary may be flat-roofed. Sometimes, a small one-room temple is crowned by a  palaki, a palanquin-like roof, derivative from Bengal county style of architecture, and can be seen in Gurdwara Tahli Sahib in village district. (Madra) More often, a dome is grooved or ridged but a basic dome has also been used in some cases. Numerous dome-shapes are to be originated in Sikh temples: torus, hemi-spherical, three-quarters of a sphere. The silhouette of the dome of Gurdwara Pataal Puri at Kiratpur in Ropar region has an extraordinary resemblance to the domes to be seen in Bijapur district style of architecture design. (Madra) The dome is generally white, though sometimes gold-plated, as in the Harmandir Sahib at Amritsar, Darbar Sahib at Tarn Taran, and Sis Ganj in Delhi. On the other hand, in some cases, domes are being covered with brass. (S.S.Bhatti) An exciting point to note is the way in which the dome is connected to the cuboid structure of the temple. As a statute, the lower part leads the domical erection, and looks somewhat serious in comparison with it. (S.S.Bhatti) A repeated component of gurdwara-design is the preferred use of two stories to gain adequate elevation for the temple. On the other hand restrained design may be usually preserved by dividing the frontage in agreement with the physical lines of columns, piers, and pillars, with erect partitions creating areas of well-modelled surfaces. The most important division is the entrance which obtains more decorative treatment of other areas. The action often generates bas-reliefs of geometrical designs. Where brilliance is the aim, repose-work in brass or copper-gilt sheeting is introduced often with a note of luxury. (Madra) Beautiful designs are made on the walls which are successively covered with gold. Exceptional examples of this effort can be seen in the Golden Temple at Amritsar. Sometimes, such work is purified highly decorative by means of colored and mirrored cut-glass as well as semi-precious nuggets. This is known as tukri  (small piece) work. Paintings, portraying widely held episodes from the lives of the 10 Gurus, are to be found in some temples. Projects in a job are based on vine, plant, flower, bird, and animal themes. The largest numbers of such frescoes have been painted on the principal floor of Baba Atal at Amritsar. Pinjras, gentle stone gratings, are used for shades, inclusions, and ramparts. (Madra) Brick, lime cement as well as sea green or gypsum covering, and lime concrete have been the most favored construction materials, even though stone, such as red granite and white marble, has also been used in a number of temples. The former found more use as covering or ornamental material than for meeting physical needs for well over 200 years. Nanak Shahi (of the times of Nanak), brick was most generally used for its fundamental benefits. The brick-tile made decorations, cornices, pillars, etc. easy to work into a diversity of shapes. More often than not, the arrangement was a mixture of the two structures, viz., treated and actuated, based on domes and arches. The exteriors were treated with lime or gypsum covering which was molded into cornices, pillars, and other structural landscapes as well as non-structural accompaniments. (Madra) Sikh architecture symbolizes the last sparkle of religious design in India. The Golden Temple at Amritsar is its most renowned example as it is the only shrine in which all the features of style are completely represented. The Golden Temple, being the sheet-anchor of the technical catalogue of Sikh architecture, may be detailed. (S.S.Bhatti) Almost soaring in the air, and in the mid of, an extensive water-body, the Pool of Nectar,  mixtures extremely with sparkles of its golden dome, cubicles, walls, and reposes-work, and the fascinating evanescence of its shining reflections in the pool. With the temple and reservoir as the main concentration, a compound of buildings, most of which repeat in their architectural fine points and the features of the central building, have come up in the district of the temple in the development of time. (Madra) Even though Sikh architecture certainly initiated with the idea of dedication, it had to experience rigors of impulsively renovating itself into buildings meant for defense purposes. It anticipated the personality of military strengthening which was revealed in a number of buildings throughout Punjab. Gurdwara Baba Gurditta, Kiratpur, is a demonstrative example of this type of Sikh architecture design. (S.S.Bhatti) As flair of building-design, Sikh construction might strike the lay spectator as an extensive pot-pourri of the best structures picked up from here and there. But it symbolizes much more than what meets the unpremeditated eye. It shares its rigorous instruction with the awesome severity of Islams rigid monotheism, and celebrates its luxurious energy with the playful dualism of Hinduism. Extensiveness might have been its starting-point, but Sikh design has thrived to a state of artistic sovereignty so as to work out its own formal peculiarities. It is now an appropriate appearance of impulsive eruptions of psycho-spiritual dynamism that rejoices the perfect magnificence of being within the blending mà ©lange of opposites come across during existence the ground for constant flattering. (S.S.Bhatti) Sikh architecture imitates an energetic blend of Mughal and Rajput styles. Onion shaped auditoriums, multi foil arches, paired columns, in-lay work walls, etc. are without a doubt of Mughal extraction, more precisely of Emperor-Architect Shah Jehans era, while orial windows, strut supported attics at the sequence progression, chatters, richly decorated panels, etc. are evocative of rudiments of Rajput architecture design. (S.S.Bhatti) Sometimes, the alteration in design is so great that it would be hard to recognize a gurdwara if the typical Sikh pole-mark were not there to help its proof of identity. Some of the gurdwaras look more like entrances, as is the situation with Fatehgarh (town of victory) Sahib, Sirhind, or like an instructive foundation, as is the situation with Ber (berry) Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi, or like a Rajput citadel, when one first come across the temples encircling structures. But all this abnormality, if somewhat mysterious, does not diminish one from the fundamentals of Sikh architecture. On the contradictory verifies the very groundwork of imaginative liberty on which it is constructed.

Dance :: essays research papers

George Balanchine was born in St. Petersburg on Jan 22, 1904, into a very musical family and began studying the piano at age 5. He had a classical education in acting and dance training, beginning at age 9, from the Imperial Theater School in St. Petersburg. It was originally thought that young Georgi would become one of the Tsar's cadets, so it was with the thought that if things didn't work out at the ballet school he could always join the army. In fact, in his first year he was not at all thrilled by what he was learning. He only got to perform once in the Maryinsky Theater in such spectacles as The Sleeping Beauty that Balanchine became enamored of the theater. Balanchine was raised on the dance traditions of the classical Russian ballet established by Petipa. In spite of having all the best teachers and dancers in the world at the time Balanchine states that "Contrary to popular belief, ballet was not taken very seriously by the Russian public. It was an entertainment almost exclusively for the aristocracy, among whom there were perhaps only a few gentlemen who were not primarily interested in what the ballerinas were doing after the performance" (balletmet.com). This changed with the revolution. Ballet was banned for a period until the Minister of Education, Lunacharsky, a balletomane, persuaded the authorities to gradually reinstate ballet. Sometime between 1919 and 1921, while continuing to dance, Balanchine joined the Petrograd Conservatory of Music. There he studied piano and music theory, including composition, harmony, and counterpoint, for three years, and he began to compose music. He became a skilled conductor and pianist and often played for graduating student performances at the Imperial Russian Ballet School. He graduated from the Imperial Theater School with honors in 1921 at age 17 and joined the corps de ballet of the Maryinsky, by then renamed the State Theater of Opera and Ballet, and now the Kirov Ballet. Balanchine began to choreograph while still in his teens, creating his first work around 1920 or possibly earlier. It was called La Nuit, for himself and a female student, to the music of Anton Rubinstein. Another of his early duets, Enigma, danced in bare feet, was performed once at a benefit on the stage of the State Theater, as well as for some years thereafter, in both Petrograd and in the West. In 1923 he was able to form a small troupe, the Young Ballet, for which he composed several works in an experimental vein, but the authorities disapproved, and the performers were threatened with dismissal if they continued to participate.

Memory Cost Essay

Over the past 30 years the cost of Electronics has steadily decreased. The cost of electronic storage has decreased greatly over the past 30 years as well. In this paper I will be talking about the decrease in the cost of RAM and Hard Drive Storage, how much will a 100TB HDD will cost when it becomes widely available in the future, and how much memory I will be able to buy with $100 in 10 years. In 1956, IBM created the first commercial Hard Drive called the IBM 305 RAMAC which held 5MB and cost a whopping 50 thousand dollars! Electronic storage started being more widespread during the early 1980’s, but it wasn’t until the 1990s that RAM and Hard Drive Storage begin to be cheap enough for the average person. Back in 1981 the price for one MB of Hard Drive storage space was $340! Most people couldn’t afford a computer back in the 1980’s because of the huge cost. Through the 1980’s the cost per MB fell from around $340 during 1981 then to $40 per MB i n 1988, and finally to $9 per MB in 1990. The cost of one Bit of ram in 1981 was 0.000425 cents, in 1988 it was 0.000005 cents, in 1995 it was 0.000000158 cents, in 2000 the cost per Bit was 0.000000063, and in 2013 the cost per Bit was 7.9Ãâ€"10^-10 cents. To get an understanding of how much memory will cost in the future and when 100TB hard drives will become commercially available, we have to take a look at how the price for memory has gotten cheaper over the past 10-30 years, the ever increasing amount of storage space that can be squeezed onto a hard drive platter, and take in to account the rapid growth in the technology field. According to Chris Mellor in his article (http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/01/hp_memristor_2018/) technology giant HP announced that 100TB hard drives could be available as early as 2018. I firmly believe that in 4 years by 2018 there will be 100TB drives for sale to the public but they will probably be very expensive till they go into mass production. In 10 years, we will be able to buy a hard drive with a phenomenal amount of storage space. From 1990 to  2014 the price has gone down exponentially from $9 per MB to under 150 MB per Cent! If we follow that exponential trend we are looking at hard drives that can hold over 100TB that cost fewer than 100 dollars, while the RAM will decrease in price slower. In conclusion, the cost of Storage such as RAM and Hard Drives has gotten very cheap, from over $500 per MB to 5 cents per GB! We will see a continual decrease in the cost of electronic storage and an increase in the amount of storage in smaller packages. Picture Citation: http://www.aei.org/publication/chart-of-the-day-the-falling-price-of-memory/ Citations http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/01/hp_memristor_2018/ http://www.jcmit.com/memoryprice.htm

George and Lennie Comparison Essay

George and Lennie, two extraordinary characters in Of Mice and Men, Similar yet very different. Both Lennie and George rely on their friendship to survive. Lennie depends on his friendship with George to make the correct desisions. George relies on the friendship he has with Lennie in order to plan for the future. While Lennie depends on George, in some ways George depends on Lennie. For example, despite George’s impatience and annoyance with Lennie, and his remarks about how easy his life would be without him, George would lead a much harder life. George always explains to Lennie what is correct and incorrect and makes sure that Lennie behaves. Finally, in order for George to have a future in mind, George needs Lennie. George and Lenny both shared the same type of hard work, and both of them lacked friendship in their lives. Both George and Lenny want something more in life – they are both dreamers. Their similarities lay below the surface where they appear different. George is a small, quick man with well-defined features. A migrant ranch worker, George dreamt of one day saving enough money to buy his own place and be his own boss, living off of the land. The hindrance to his objective is his mentally handicapped companion, Lennie, with whom he has traveled and worked since Lennie’s Aunt Clara, whom George knew, died. The majority of George’s energy is devoted to looking after Lennie, whose blunders prevent George from working toward his dream, or even living the life of a normal rancher. Thus, George’s conflict arises in Lennie, to whom he has the ties of long- time companionship that he so often yearns to break in order to live the life of which he dreams. This tension strains George into demonstrating various emotions, ranging from anger to patience to sadness to pride and to hope. George’s companion, the source of the novel’s conflict. Lennie, enormous, ungainly, and mentally slow, is George’s polar opposite both mentally and physically. Lennie’s ignorance and innocence and helplessness, his childish actions, such as his desire to pet soft things, contrast his physical bulk, making him likeable to readers. Although devoid of cruel intentions, Lennie’s stupidity and carelessness cause him to unwittingly harm animals and people, which creates trouble for both him and George. Lennie is tirelessly devoted to George and delights in hearing him tell of the dream of having a farm, but he does not desire the dream of the American worker in the same way that George does. His understanding of George’s dream is more childish and he grows excited at the possibility of tending the future rabbits, most likely because it will afford him a chance to pet their soft hides as much as he wishes. Nevertheless, a dream is a dream, different for everyone, and George and Lennie share the similar attribute of desiring what they haven’t got. Lennie, however, is helpless to attain his dream, and remains a static character throughout, relying on George to fuel is hope and save him from trouble

Brexit and the Fantods

Brexit and the Fantods Brexit and the Fantods Brexit and the Fantods By Maeve Maddox My mistake with the portmanteau word Brexit brought me so many kind corrections that I feel a need to thank the readers who sent them and to apologize for making such a big gaffe. I got my information directly from the Oxford site, so there’s no excuse for such a mistake. Along with my carelessness, my vision was at fault. I took my information from this decorative panel: Never having seen Brexit written in ordinary type, I read the t as an l. The post has been amended to explain that Brexit is a combination of British+exit. Another word in that post that drew emails from readers is fantods. One reader, having pointed out the Brexil/Brexit error, asked me to explain fantods. Fantods is a word I learned from reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Spelled fan-tods by Twain, it’s one of Huck’s words. It occurs in one of the funniest scenes in the book. Huck is looking at pictures in the home of the Grangerford family. Most of the pictures are the work of Emmeline Grangerford, a daughter who has died. They are typical of the morbid mourning portraits favored by Victorian society. Here is an extract that illustrates Twain’s descriptive powers as well as the use of the word fantods: There was some that they called crayons, which one of the daughters which was dead made her own self when she was only fifteen years old. They was different from any pictures I ever see before- blacker, mostly, than is common. One was a woman in a slim black dress, belted small under the armpits, with bulges like a cabbage in the middle of the sleeves, and a large black scoop-shovel bonnet with a black veil, and white slim ankles crossed about with black tape, and very wee black slippers, like a chisel, and she was leaning pensive on a tombstone on her right elbow, under a weeping willow, and her other hand hanging down her side holding a white handkerchief and a reticule, and underneath the picture it said â€Å"Shall I Never See Thee More Alas.† [] These was all nice pictures, I reckon, but I didn’t somehow seem to take to them, because if ever I was down a little they always give me the fan-tods. Everybody was sorry she died, because she had laid out a lot more of th ese pictures to do, and a body could see by what she had done what they had lost. But I reckoned that with her disposition she was having a better time in the graveyard. The OED gives this definition of fantod: fantod noun: A crotchety way of acting; a fad. Merriam-Webster gives a bit more: fantod noun: 1. usually fantods plural: a. a state of irritability, fidget, and tension; sometimes a state of acute worry and distress. b. a state of bodily or mental disorder especially when ill-defined and more or less chronic. 2. sometimes fantods plural a. an instance or occurrence of the fantods. b. a violent or irrational outburst. 3. a fidgety fussy officer of a ship. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, Whether40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†English Grammar 101: Prepositions

Definition and Examples of Writ of Certiorari

Definition and Examples of Writ of Certiorari In the U.S. court system, a â€Å"writ of certiorari† is an order (writ) issued by a higher or â€Å"appellate† court to review decisions made by a lower court for any irregularities in legal process or procedures. Key Takeaways: Writ of Certiorari A writ of certiorari is a decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to hear an appeal from a lower court.The word certiorari comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"to be more fully informed.†The act of â€Å"granting certiorari† means the Supreme Court agrees to hear a case.Certiorari must be requested by submitting a Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court.The Supreme Court grants only about 1.1% of the thousands of petitions for certiorari submitted each term.Denying a petition for certiorari has no effect on the lower court’s decision or the laws involved.Granting a petition for certiorari requires the affirmative votes of at least four Supreme Court justices. The word certiorari (sersh-oh-rare-ee) comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"to be more fully informed† or â€Å"to be made certain in regard to.† The act of issuing a writ of certiorari, called â€Å"granting certiorari, often abbreviated as â€Å"granting cert,† compels the lower court to deliver all records of its proceedings in a case. Among a sea of largely obscure Latin legal terms, certiorari is of particular importance to Americans because the U.S. Supreme Court, due to its limited original jurisdiction, uses it to select most of the cases it hears.   The Supreme Court’s Writ of Certiorari Process Most cases heard by the U.S. Supreme Court begin as cases decided by a trial court, such as one of the 94 U.S. District Courts. Parties dissatisfied with the trial court’s decision have the right to appeal the case to a U.S. Court of Appeals. Anyone dissatisfied with the ruling of the Court of Appeals can then ask the Supreme Court to review the Court of Appeals’ decision and procedures. Supreme Court review of a Court of Appeals’ decision is requested by filing a â€Å"Petition for Writ of Certiorari† with the Supreme Court. The Petition for Writ of Certiorari must include a list of all parties involved, the facts of the case, the legal questions to be reviewed, and reasons why the Supreme Court should grant the petition. By granting the petition and issuing a writ of certiorari, the Court agrees to hear the case. Forty copies of the printed petition in bound booklet form are delivered to the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court and distributed to the justices. If the Court grants the petition, the case is scheduled for a hearing. The Supreme Court has the right to deny the Petition for Writ of Certiorari, thus refusing to hear the case. Rule 10 of the Rules of the Supreme Court specifically states: â€Å"Review on writ of certiorari is not a matter of right, but a judicial discretion. A petition for writ of certiorari will be granted only for compelling reasons.† While the full legal effect of the Supreme Court’s refusal to grant certiorari is often debated, it has no effect on the decision of the Court of Appeals. In addition, refusal to grant certiorari does not reflect the Supreme Court’s agreement or disagreement with the lower court’s decision. The Supreme Court’s refusal to grant certiorari creates no binding legal precedent, and the lower courts decision remains in effect, but only within that court’s geographical jurisdiction. Granting a Petition for Writ of Certiorari requires the positive vote of only four of the nine justices, rather than the five-vote majority required in actual case decisions. This is known as the â€Å"rule of four.† Brief Background of Certiorari Before 1891, the Supreme Court was required to hear and issue a decision on almost every case that was appealed to it by the local courts. As the United States grew, the federal judicial system was strained and the Supreme Court soon had an insurmountable backlog of cases. To address this, the Judiciary Act of 1869 first increased the number of Supreme Court Justices from seven to nine. Then, the Judiciary Act of 1891 shifted responsibility for most appeals to the newly created circuit courts of appeals. Since then, the Supreme Court only hears appealed cases at its discretion through the granting of a writ of certiorari. Reasons the Supreme Court Grants Petitions for Certiorari In deciding which petitions for certiorari it will grant, the Supreme Court strives to hear cases in which its ruling will affect the interpretation and application of the laws involved throughout the United States. In addition, the Court prefers to hear cases in which its ruling will provide definitive guidance for the lower courts. While there are no hard-and-fast rules, the Supreme Court tends to grant petitions for certiorari for: Cases that will resolve clear conflicts of law: Anytime a number of lower courts issue conflicting decisions involving the same federal law or interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, such as gun control and the Second Amendment, the Supreme Court may choose to hear and decide a related case in order to ensure that all 50 states operate under the same interpretation of the law.Cases that are important or unique: The Court will decide to hear unique or momentous cases such as U.S. v Nixon, dealing with the Watergate scandal, Roe v. Wade, dealing with abortion, or Bush v. Gore, involving the contested 2000 presidential election.Cases in which a lower court disregards the Supreme Court: When a lower court blatantly ignores a previous Supreme Court ruling, the Supreme Court may decide to hear a case in order to correct or simply override the lower court’s ruling.Cases that are simply interesting: Being human, the Supreme Court justices will sometimes choose to hear a case simply b ecause it involves a favorite area of law. When it comes to petitions for writ of certiorari, the Supreme Court gets many, but grants few. The vast majority of petitions are denied. For example, of the 8,241 petitions filed during its 2009 term, the Court granted only 91, or about 1.1 percent. On average, the Court hears from 80 to 150 cases each term. Recent Example of Certiorari Granted: Roe v. Wade In its landmark decision in the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that a woman’s right to have an abortion was protected by the Due Process of Law Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In deciding to grant certiorari in Roe v. Wade, faced a thorny legal issue. One of the Court’s rules for granting certiorari requires that the appellant, the person or persons appealing the case, have â€Å"standing† to do so- meaning that he or she would be directly affected by the Court’s decision. By the time the lengthy Roe v. Wade appeal finally reached the Supreme Court, the appellant, a Texas woman (â€Å"Jane Roe†) who had sued after having been denied the right to have an abortion under Texas law, had already given birth and surrendered the child for adoption. As a result, her legal standing in the case was uncertain. In granting certiorari, the Supreme Court reasoned that because of the lengthy appeals process, it would be impossible for any expectant mother to have standing, thus preventing the Court from ever ruling on abortion or reproductive rights issues. Feeling the law involved merited review, the Court granted the petition for certiorari. Recent Example of Certiorari Denied: Broom v. Ohio In 2009, Ohio corrections officials spent two hours trying- but failing- to execute Romell Broom by lethal injection. In March 2016, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that the state could proceed with a do-over second attempt to execute Bloom. With no other higher court available, Broom and his lawyers asked the U.S. Supreme Court to block any further execution attempts. In the Broom v. Ohio petition for certiorari, Broom’s lawyers based their request on the argument that a second execution would violate the assurance against cruel and unusual punishment in the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. On December 12, 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court, refusing to hear the case, denied the petition for certiorari. In denying Bloom’s petition for certiorari, the Supreme Court stated its belief that any pain Bloom might have experienced during the failed execution attempt failed to amount to â€Å"constitute cruel and unusual punishment.† In taking this rather unexpected action, the justices reasoned that since thousands of people are subjected to multiple needle-sticks every day as part of medical procedures, this was neither cruel nor unusual. Sources Definition of certiorari in English. English Oxford Dictionaries. OnlineFederal Courts Role and Stricture. USCourts.gov. OnlineSupreme Court procedure. The SCOTUS Blog. OnlineThe Evarts Act: Creating the Modern Appellate Courts. USCourts.gov. OnlineSupreme Court Case Selections Act. Public Law 100-352, at 102 Stat. 662. June 27, 1988

Proctor and Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proctor and Gamble - Essay Example The products of choice in this paper are Ariel and pampers. Ariel is a cleaning agent while pampers is a personal care product which is applicable mostly to babies to protect them of baby rashes as a result of wetting themselves. The products have been launched in various countries with the aim of diversifying the marketability and scope. Ariel soaps and detergents target all households including offices (WHITE, 2009)). Both high end and low end customers are targeted. The new products for Ariel and Pampers will be launched into the maturing market considering the fact they have been in existence for some time. P & G faces several threats from other companies such as Unilever and Henkel which are firms that are growing very fast. However, there are various opportunities which prevail such as the strong marketing mechanisms that the firm uses and its reputation which makes its product very firm and stable (HOLLIS, 2010).). Price sensitivity of pampers and Ariel detergents Ariel and Pa mpers products are all less sensitive to price. This is because each company has the liberty to sell its product at the price it desires given the different materials required to make the product. The other competitors such as Johnson and Johnson, Unilever have their own products which do compete with the case products hence it can price them according to their own estimation. Product Cost Estimate The product is estimated to be priced according to the size or quantity offered to the customers. It should be noted that Ariel and pampers comes in various sizes and quantities to be able to distribute to various market niches according to the demand in place. It is therefore, important to note that Pampers falls in various sizes and quality similar to Ariel which also falls in different quantities (AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO, 2011). Variable Costs The variable cost in the manufacturing of Ariel is the cost of raw materials which vary due to the economic conditions prevailing in the Un ited Kingdom. Other variable costs include the costs of transportation, the costs incurred on payroll of senior management, costs of floating shares on the stock exchange (HOLLIS, 2010; 33.). Fixed Costs Some of the main fixed costs include; the costs of insurance, costs of advertisement and the costs related to distribution of the products within the country. Other fixed costs include; the cost of utilities such as electricity, water and communications. These costs can be predetermined in advance before costing the products ((KAPFERER, 2008; p. 79). Cost leadership aspects of the products In an attempt to beat rivalry in the market and the increasing level of threats in the market, the company puts more emphasis utilization of the economies of scale. This is because of the high fixed costs incurred in the manufacturing sector which is required to be spread throughout the numerous units (CHERUNILAM, 2010; p. 57). By pulling down the costs incurred per unit cost of the product the ul timate product is then sold at a lower price which fosters the company’s competitiveness in the market (KAPFERER, 2008; p. 79). Market Price The market price is determined by the law of demand and the competitors’ quality of products. The market price of pampers and Ariel depends highly on the consumer preferences and tastes and according to the level of income. The products might have a higher price due to quality but the population does not have the cash to buy the products (DYER, DALZELL & OLEGARIO, 2004; p. 227). Break Even Analysis The breakeven analysis of Ariel and pampers arises when costs of production is exactly equal to the revenue acquired from the sales of the products (Drury, 2008; 2006). At this point the sales revenue equals the

Naloxone's Drug Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Naloxone's Drug Profile - Essay Example Many greater doses are needed when using oral administration for any pharmacologic effect. Naloxone is absorbed in the liver, mainly through glucuronide conjugation, and eventually excreted from the body system in urine. Part Three Because of the penetrating biotransformation in the liver, Naloxone is ineffectual when taken orally, and because of this, it is dispensed exclusively for parenteral use (Robertson et al 512-5). Section 2 Part One Naloxone is available in both parenteral and oral formulations. In Australia, Naloxone comes as a sterilized solution for intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration in three strengths (1milligram, 0.4milligram, and 0.02milligram) for every milliliter in the sterilized solution. Every milliliter of the one-milligram strength has 8.35 milligrams of NaCl. In Australia, Naloxone may be referred to by different brand names such as TARGIN or buprenorphine. They are offered in four strengths, which are 5/2.5 milligrams, 10/5 milligrams, 20/10milligrams 40/20 milligrams, and TARGIN tablets that come in boxes that have blister packs of 20 to 28 tablets. Packs of 20 tablets are only available until current stocks deplete (Kelly and Koutsogiannis 375) Part Two A Naloxone hydrochloride is injected either intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally. Intravenous administration has proved to work faster than all the other forms of administration, hence its recommendation for use in emergency cases. As such, it is preferred in emergency circumstances. In intravenous infusion Naloxone, hydrochloride may be diluted in dextrose injection 5 per cent or sodium chloride injection 0.9 per cent (O’Malley-Dafner and Davies 212). Products from parenteral drugs ought to be examined visually for any complication such as discoloration prior to administration. Naloxone hydrochloride dose should not be mixed with any alkaline solution, preparations containing bisulfite, high-molecular-weight anions, metabisulfite, an d long-chain. There should be no addition of chemical agents or drugs to this solution unless one knows its outcome on the solution’s chemical and physical and stability. Section 3 Part One After a parenteral administration, Naloxone quickly disperses in the body system, freely crossing the placenta. The binding of plasma protein follows, but has been reported to be rather weak. Although the principal binding component is plasma albumin, plasma constituents also undergo naloxone binding. Part Two The drug’s distribution volume in plasma, which is 3litres per kilogram (this is more or less equal to 210 litres for a 70kilogram person versus five to six liters of blood in the same person, which would seem rather large). However, to get transported, the drug is usually bound to plasma proteins for transport (Martin 415). Naloxone is 61.5 per cent in fetal plasma and 54 per cent protein bound in adults. Part Three The usual adult dose is 0.4 to 2 milligram per dose of intra venous, and intramuscular, or subcutaneously administration and it may sometimes be repeated at two or three-minute intervals. Therapy is done if there is no response after accumulative dose of 10 milligrams. Naloxone is given intracisternally in loading doses. 0.1 milligram/kg/dose is given to children and infants who are less than or equal to five years or less than or equa

Anti-corruption Efforts in Nigeria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Anti-corruption Efforts in Nigeria - Essay Example Corruption is characterized as a â€Å"global phenomenon†, and only capable of being understood in â€Å"its social context†.5 In the case of Nigeria, there is a range of complex and deeply-seated institutional and social factors contributing to corruption, most of which emanate from the experiences of colonial and post-colonial Nigeria. Corruption emerged as the primary method by which to survive during the period of decolonisation and with no other viable means of survival, corruption ultimately informed political conduct and â€Å"competition† in post-independent Nigeria.6 The corrupt reputation of Nigeria corresponds with post-colonial Africa’s long series of political and economic let downs. To begin with, colonial rule created conflicts among ethnic groups, alienated Nigerians from the country’s resources, exploited Nigerians and their natural resources and essentially deprived Nigerians of representation. Colonialism in all of Africa involved the use of â€Å"material inducements† as a means of compelling chiefs and African administrators to support and cooperated with colonists’ projects characterized by exploitation.7 Corruption in post-colonial Africa, including Nigeria is merely a learned and inherited political policy acquired during colonialism.8 During decolonization, Nigerians were left struggling to regain control of a deeply divided nation and continuously confronted significant economic and political chaos.9 Thus the post-colonial chaotic state of Nigeria’s socio-political and economic systems, together with the corrupt and dehumanising political experiences of colonialism created and perpetuated corruption in Nigeria. Nigeria is described as among the world’s most corrupt countries and is often associated by outsiders with fraud and dishonesty. However, it has been argued that just as political and economic degradation contributes to corruption, corruption likewise results in poli tical and economic degradation.10 Regardless of whether corruption is an obstacle to development or contributes to underdevelopment, corruption is so widespread throughout Nigeria that the country is perhaps a unique case. Arguably there is no real rational explanation for the link between corruption and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Since corruption is so widespread in Nigeria and has persisted for so long it is impossible to know with any degree of certainty whether or not corruption is responsible for underdevelopment in Nigeria or underdevelopment is the cause of corruption. The only rational conclusion is that that corruption has become a learned way of life in Nigeria. It is argued that corruption has become so entrenched in the political and social spheres, that even the members of society who may be victims or critics can hardly go around it and so, they are also prone to reproduce and perpetuate corruption.11 Therefore, despite efforts to counter corruption via anti-corrupti on policies and laws, corruption in Nigeria continues on unabated.12 Building on the central idea of its topic which suggest that ‘

The Relationship between Multidisciplinary Teams Essay

The Relationship between Multidisciplinary Teams - Essay Example The supplying of medicines to the public is highly dependent on the type of medicine. Medicines are legally divided into three categories which include: Pharmacy (P), Prescription Only Medicine (POM), and General Sale List (GSL) (Jones, 2004). While GSL are supplied to the public through a wide range of facilities, such as supermarkets, P and POM medicines are only available at registered pharmacies. Moreover, in order to buy POM, the buyer must have prescription from a certified practitioner. Currently in Europe, there are two agencies that provide drug license: the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Mostly companies apply for an EMEA license as it is accepted all around EU while MHRA mainly functions within the United Kingdom (Davis, 2003). A company may apply for a drug license through a centralized system or a decentralized (or mutual recognition) system. In a centralized system, the committee assesses t he drugs to be used by human and monitors its impact before approving or disproving a drug for a license (Jones, 2004). One the other hand, in the decentralized system, a company may apply for a license in different member states, such as MHRA in the UK. One member state assesses the drug and based on the result other member states may object or agree to license the drug. If one or more member states object to the drug, the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) then advices the EU commission on whether to license the drug or not (Davis, 2003). The Medicines Act of 1968 is still used for the prescription, supply, and administration of medicine (Sturm & Unutzer, 2000). Back in 1989, the circumstances in which nurses might prescribe a drug were taken into consideration and it was recommended that nurses having qualification of a district nurse or health visitor should be given permission to prescribe certain drugs falling in the list of limited formulary (Department of He alth, 1989). This was implemented recommendation was implemented nationally in 1998 in England. The main route of drug supply is through a pharmacist who may prescribe POMs and P medicines (Jones, 2004). They may also prescribe black triangle drugs (Jones, 2004). However, this principle is not rigid and can be bent in situations that require some other health professionals to supply the drugs to assure health care (Crown, 1999). The medicine legislation allows the dentists and doctors to supply and administer medicines and also allows nurses and health workers to do so as directed by the doctor or dentist (Nuttall & Rutt-Howard, 2011). Moreover, the legislation also allows certain health professionals, including occupational therapists, chiropodists, and radiographers, to supply certain medicines. In August 2000, the Medicine Legislation was amended in order to clearly define and explain the Patient Group Directions PGDs and include other private and voluntary services (RCN, 2006). The amendment clearly defines the limited situations in which medicines may be administered under the PGDs as not doing so would jeopardize the health of the patient (RCN, 2006). A multidisciplinary non-medical prescribing team (MDPT) includes a team leader, which must be employed by the trust, who develops and maintains the roles of each member in the team using his or her professional skills. The MDPT plays an important role in shaping

Retail Employee Management-Assignment 5_05 Assignment

Retail Employee Management- 5_05 - Assignment Example Compensation package is always the main attraction for the company. Any employee will remain attached to the company, which is offering a competitive and hansom salary package. In addition to basic salary packages, some extra or additional facilities also motivate employees to be loyal to the company. Employees themselves want to get opportunities of growth and development. Therefore, employees will stay at any company where they can avail many opportunities for personality or we can say skill development. Every time a strict boss behavior is not a good tool for management. Sometimes employees feel privileged when they get any opportunity to be a part of decision making authority. Therefore we can say that employees may be motivated to remain attach to the company where there is participative decision making. A good team is always the true support for any individual for gaining more success towards the goal. A company where there is a very friendly environment and usually people work in teams and groups then this may also be one of the reasons for employee attachment to the

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING - Essay Example Finally, evaluate the results of simulation (Banks, 2005, p.16). Although there are many types of simulation, this project focuses on probabilistic simulation using Monte Carlo method (Torries, 1998, p.59). It is also called computer simulation which is a numerical technique involving the modelling of a stochastic system to predict the systems behavior. The essential charactertistic of Monte Carlo simulation is the chance element (Kalos and Whitlock, 2008, p.116). This approach is used when the process given has a random or chance component. In this method, a given problem is solved by simulating the original data with random number generators (Pinsky and Karlin, 2010, p.285). The model constructed here is the probability distribution of the variable in question. The distribution can be obtained through direct observation or from past records (Hoekstra and Shachak, 1999, p.180). The objective of the research project is to make simulation of an inventory system. The inventory management simulation is a computer based simulation which generates demand and maintains all necessary records. Independent demand inventory models follow the classical model of economic order quantity. Inventory holding firms will bear two kinds of costs, ordering and holding costs. Ordering costs include items like labour, transportation, order processing and inspection. It is stated generally as a fixed cost per order and variations can also be included like quantity discounts. Holding costs include items like insurance, obsolescence, warehousing, taxes, management. It is stated as a percentage of unit cost per time period or an amount per item per time period. The EOQ model can be defined as a classical tradeoff model as with the increase in number of orders per time period, the ordering cost increases and holding cost decreases. The purpose of inventory management is to minimize b oth ordering and holding costs. When variation is

The Relationship between Multidisciplinary Teams Essay

The Relationship between Multidisciplinary Teams - Essay Example The supplying of medicines to the public is highly dependent on the type of medicine. Medicines are legally divided into three categories which include: Pharmacy (P), Prescription Only Medicine (POM), and General Sale List (GSL) (Jones, 2004). While GSL are supplied to the public through a wide range of facilities, such as supermarkets, P and POM medicines are only available at registered pharmacies. Moreover, in order to buy POM, the buyer must have prescription from a certified practitioner. Currently in Europe, there are two agencies that provide drug license: the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Mostly companies apply for an EMEA license as it is accepted all around EU while MHRA mainly functions within the United Kingdom (Davis, 2003). A company may apply for a drug license through a centralized system or a decentralized (or mutual recognition) system. In a centralized system, the committee assesses t he drugs to be used by human and monitors its impact before approving or disproving a drug for a license (Jones, 2004). One the other hand, in the decentralized system, a company may apply for a license in different member states, such as MHRA in the UK. One member state assesses the drug and based on the result other member states may object or agree to license the drug. If one or more member states object to the drug, the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) then advices the EU commission on whether to license the drug or not (Davis, 2003). The Medicines Act of 1968 is still used for the prescription, supply, and administration of medicine (Sturm & Unutzer, 2000). Back in 1989, the circumstances in which nurses might prescribe a drug were taken into consideration and it was recommended that nurses having qualification of a district nurse or health visitor should be given permission to prescribe certain drugs falling in the list of limited formulary (Department of He alth, 1989). This was implemented recommendation was implemented nationally in 1998 in England. The main route of drug supply is through a pharmacist who may prescribe POMs and P medicines (Jones, 2004). They may also prescribe black triangle drugs (Jones, 2004). However, this principle is not rigid and can be bent in situations that require some other health professionals to supply the drugs to assure health care (Crown, 1999). The medicine legislation allows the dentists and doctors to supply and administer medicines and also allows nurses and health workers to do so as directed by the doctor or dentist (Nuttall & Rutt-Howard, 2011). Moreover, the legislation also allows certain health professionals, including occupational therapists, chiropodists, and radiographers, to supply certain medicines. In August 2000, the Medicine Legislation was amended in order to clearly define and explain the Patient Group Directions PGDs and include other private and voluntary services (RCN, 2006). The amendment clearly defines the limited situations in which medicines may be administered under the PGDs as not doing so would jeopardize the health of the patient (RCN, 2006). A multidisciplinary non-medical prescribing team (MDPT) includes a team leader, which must be employed by the trust, who develops and maintains the roles of each member in the team using his or her professional skills. The MDPT plays an important role in shaping

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING - Essay Example Finally, evaluate the results of simulation (Banks, 2005, p.16). Although there are many types of simulation, this project focuses on probabilistic simulation using Monte Carlo method (Torries, 1998, p.59). It is also called computer simulation which is a numerical technique involving the modelling of a stochastic system to predict the systems behavior. The essential charactertistic of Monte Carlo simulation is the chance element (Kalos and Whitlock, 2008, p.116). This approach is used when the process given has a random or chance component. In this method, a given problem is solved by simulating the original data with random number generators (Pinsky and Karlin, 2010, p.285). The model constructed here is the probability distribution of the variable in question. The distribution can be obtained through direct observation or from past records (Hoekstra and Shachak, 1999, p.180). The objective of the research project is to make simulation of an inventory system. The inventory management simulation is a computer based simulation which generates demand and maintains all necessary records. Independent demand inventory models follow the classical model of economic order quantity. Inventory holding firms will bear two kinds of costs, ordering and holding costs. Ordering costs include items like labour, transportation, order processing and inspection. It is stated generally as a fixed cost per order and variations can also be included like quantity discounts. Holding costs include items like insurance, obsolescence, warehousing, taxes, management. It is stated as a percentage of unit cost per time period or an amount per item per time period. The EOQ model can be defined as a classical tradeoff model as with the increase in number of orders per time period, the ordering cost increases and holding cost decreases. The purpose of inventory management is to minimize b oth ordering and holding costs. When variation is

Frustrations Essay Example for Free

Frustrations Essay Bo Bennett once said that, â€Å"Frustration, although quite painful at times, is a very positive and essential part of success. † Yes, indeed frustration is painful and essential. In the growing stage as teens, it is inevitable that they face frustrations. What are some of these frustrations faced by teens? I think that the meeting of people’s expectations and peer pressure are some of the many frustrations the teens will face in their growing stage. One of the frustrations a teen has is the meeting of people’s expectations, especially their parents’ expectations. Research has indicated that the majority of parents expect their children to graduate from high school and complete some post secondary education. 92% of parents in 2010 believe that their child would go to university with 23% having children who did not succeed in getting into a university. 92% is an extremely big percentage. This shows that in 10 parents, 9 expect and hope that their child would go to university. This implies that majority of the teens face expectations from their parents. 7% of the teens make the cut and are able to make it to university. This means that about 4 in 5 teens have more expectations to meet. Therefore, in the society, many teens face expectations from their parents. One of the many other frustrations teens undergo is peer pressure. Teens are constantly worried about their peers’ opinions of them, hence in order to try and fit in, they may do things that make them feel uncomfortable. This may cause them to feel the frustrated and stressed while doing these actions to fit in. They are impressionable and jump the bandwagon. They may do what everyone else are doing but not actually knowing the ultimate reason of doing so. Results show that 75% of youth, tested in a survey done on teenagers, are influenced by peer pressure. From this results, we can see that majority of the teenagers are susceptible to peer pressure. In order to be popular, the 3 in 4 teens will be pressured to do what their peers’ tell them to do instead of doing what they think is right.

An Excellence And Enjoyment Education Essay

An Excellence And Enjoyment Education Essay Debate and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of cross-curricular and thematic approaches to teaching and learning. You must draw upon a range of academic sources including Excellence and Enjoyment (DfES, 2004) Thematic education is a method of teaching that is becoming more and more prominent within schools across the country due to the Governments education review and their proposed new curriculum for 2011. The switch to this method of teaching is intended to help reorganise the traditional subject areas into thematic areas of learning, easing the pressures on schools to teach strictly to the curriculum and give their teachers the freedom they need in order to do cross-curricular thematic lessons. This report will attempt to define both thematic and cross-curricular education and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages. Shoemaker (1989) states that a cross-curriculum education is one that is set up so that classroom subjects overlap with one another, the method attempts to bring together numerous aspects of the curriculum into various lessons to reflect the real world such that students can use knowledge learned in one context as a knowledge base in other contexts (Collins, Brown, Newman, 1989). Shanahan (1995) agrees with this definition, he states that thematic teaching is a method of organizing teaching around themes or topics making it possible to integrate instruction across core areasThematic units are designed to encourage students to delve deep into topics developing both an awareness and understanding of existing connections across ideas. The above definitions suggest that thematic and cross-curricular teaching is essential for children to associate that skills learnt in one class are important tools for completing tasks within other subjects in school and tasks outside. Applebee, Langer, Mullis (1989) report why the change to this method or teaching is necessary while students are learning the basic information in core subject areas, they are not learning to apply their knowledge effectively in thinking and reasoning Marzano (1991) and Perkins (1991) build on this; they believe that these methods work towards addressing some recurring problems in education, one in particular being that of isolated skill instruction. Ofsteds report The Curriculum in Successful Primary Schools (2002) in which it was noted that successful schools were the ones in which The teachers recognised that where links are effective they enable pupils to apply the knowledge and skills learned in one subject to others. Because cross-curricular and thematic teaching involves the linking of activities that are designed around topics or themes as well as crossing numerous areas within the National Curriculum they provide an environment that fosters and encourages process learning and active involvement of all students (Fisher, 1991), this would therefore help teacher address the different learning styles of pupils within their classrooms. A claim that Komorowska (2001) backs up, stating that because teaching children is not systematic, the methods and techniques chosen by the teacher are of a higher significance than their results. With regards to the diverse learning styles that children have, experts have identified three (http://www.time4learning.com/learning-styles.shtml): Auditory learners remember by talking out loud, like to have things explained orally and may have trouble with written instructions. Auditory learners may talk to themselves when learning something new. Visual learners easily remember visual details and prefer to see what they are learning. They prefer to write down instructions and may have trouble following lectures. This type of learner enjoys art and drawing; reads maps, charts and diagrams well; fascinated with machines and inventions; plays with lego; likes mazes and puzzles. Kinesthetic learners prefer activities that allow them to do what they are learning about. Tactile learners like to touch things in order to learn about them and like to move around when talking or listening. Shows you rather than tells you. Through the use of thematic and cross curricular teaching, classroom teachers are able to cater for these three distinct groups of learners and, therefore, create an atmosphere in which each group remains interested in the lesson thus combating any boredom and increasing the pupils potential for learning. Former Secretary of State for Education and Skills, Charles Clarke, wrote in the Excellence and Enjoyment Strategy (2004), What makes good primary education great is the fusion of excellence and enjoyment. Children learn better when they are excited and engaged but what excites them and engages them best is truly excellent teaching, which challenges them and shows them what they can do. Which falls in line with Larsen-Freemans statement (2000) that learning becomes even more effective due to it being facilitated in a cheerful environment, and Resnicks (1989) claim that this method increases pupils motivation for learning and their level of engagement because they can see the value of what they are being taught and become more actively engaged in the lesson as opposed to the isolated skill learning that other methods offer. It is, however, important to consider general learning characteristics as well as the previously mentioned groups of characteristics and how these are successfully manipulated through the use of these methods. Thaiss (1986), Krogh (1990) and Jacobs (1989) all write that children that are able to use investigatory skills to explore what they are learning, and interact with other members of their learning community, whether thats other pupils, teachers or classroom assistants, actually learn more than those children that are not encouraged to ask questions and share opinions with other learners. Vygotsky (1962) gives us an explanation as to why this technique is successful. He pointed out that children who have different skills, learn from each other. This is because through the encouragement of investigation, questioning and working together, pupils are given the opportunity to see tasks from the point of view of others. Finally, the humanistic approach in teaching emphasises the importance of individual and distinctive characteristics of a human being and the desire for fulfilment. In education it means student-oriented teaching rather than teacher-oriented one Biskup (1990). Fisher et al says, what promotes creativity is a questioning classroom, where teachers and pupils ask unusual and challenging questions; where new connections are made; where ideas are represented in different ways- visually, physically and verbally; where there are fresh approaches and solutions to problems; and where the effects of ideas and actions are critically evaluated. In a humanistic classroom, such as the one that uses thematic and cross-curricular methods, the teacher is not only a supporter and helper but also a learner. This is because the work is based on themes that the teacher may not be used to, it brings the teacher down to the same level of the child and the pupil almost takes charge in investigating by askin g questions. The teachers main role is to create an atmosphere in which learners feel relaxed and do not have any inhibitions thus learners talents are exploited during the learning process. Of course, whilst there are numerous benefits to using these methods, there are also a number of drawbacks which must be considered. David Hart, former general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, Theme-based education will disadvantage pupils in the transition to secondary. And it will make the secondary teachers task much more difficult. This is to say that even though there may be benefits to teaching like this within a primary classroom, pupils heading from a largely thematic based style of teaching could possibly find that the generic style of teaching within secondary education i.e. topic-based learning, difficult to adjust to. Thus disadvantaging the pupils learning experience, compared to classmates who are used to this type of teaching. Further drawbacks of the methods include the need for ongoing collaboration between teachers and planning, as the themes must be carefully and thought through in order for them to be meaningful and make sense within the curriculum. Chris Woodhead, states in his report of 1992 that, Its harder for teachers to structure a coherent provision in the subjects that are worth studying if theyre trying to construct links between these subjects as well. The extra work that Woodhead comments on is necessary for the success of the methods because the intertwining of the curriculum within that one topic, as stated earlier, may be difficult and would require a lot of planning and collaboration with other members of staff, and without this extra work from the teachers it is possible that some content that could be covered may be missed. Finally, with regards to planning, the resources available to teachers within a school could also be a potential obstacle for the two methods. For example a school may not have sufficient ICT resources for all year groups to use in order to develop these skills during literacy or numeracy lessons. There is also the possibility that within these sessions that some pupils get confused and lose sight of the main concepts of the activity or lesson. This could be down to poor planning and organisation of the teacher or due to the pupil being over-stimulated with the many different activities in motion within the lesson, thus, resulting in the pupil being spread thinly across the lesson, leaving efforts for learning ineffective. The cross-curricula and thematic methods of teaching can be beneficial to teachers and students, as discussed previously they allow children to learn in a way that is most natural to them. As Scott and Ytreberg (1990) state: some children develop early, some later. Some children develop gradually, others in leaps and bounds. It is not possible that at the age of five all children can do x, at the age of seven they can all do y, or that at the age of ten they can all do z.. This is to say that children are all different human beings learning things at different rates. These methods allow all pupils to pick up the intended learning objectives and goals through this investigatory process, its through this process that the pupils become more responsible and engaged in their own learning. In effect this levels the playing field allowing the pupils to successfully complete the learning objective in their own way and within the intended period of time. However, it would be prudent to take t o these methods with caution as the drawbacks discussed do seem to have basis such as Biskup, D. (1990). Podejņºcie humanistyczne w nauczaniu jÄâ„ ¢zykà ³w obcych. JÄâ„ ¢zyki Obce w Szkole, 2-3, 118-124. Fisher, B. (1991). Joyful Learning: A Whole Language Kindergarten. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann. Fisher, R and Williams, M. (2004). Unlocking Creativity. Oxon: David Fulton. p2. Komorowska, H. (2001). Metodyka nauczania jÄâ„ ¢zykà ³w obcych. Warszawa: Fraszka Edukacyjna. Krogh, S. (1990). The Integrated Early Childhood Curriculum. New York: McGraw-Hill. Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching. New York: Oxford UP. Scott, W.A., Ytreberg, L.H. (1990). Teaching English to children. New York: Longman Inc. Shoemaker, B. Integrative Education: A Curriculum for the Twenty-First Century. Oregon School Study Council, 33/2 (1989).

Tattoos and Mainstream Culture :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Tattoos and Mainstream Culture Many people have been getting tattoos lately. People of all ages have been getting them and from all different backgrounds. On a nice day in just about any public place one can spot a tattoo about every five minutes, from the business man who had a portrait of his daughter put on him to a young girl with a butterfly on her ankle and even people with extensive tattoo coverage. What is even more interesting is the rise in the number of people who are heavily tattooed and that they come from all different backgrounds. Not too long ago tattooing did not experience the popularity in mainstream culture that it does now. The question that must be asked in order to understand this fascination that popular culture has had with tattoos is why people get tattoos. There still is a lot of intolerance towards people who have tattoos especially towards people who have a lot of them but these days a tattoo here and there is not looked down as it once was. There was a time when only "low lives," were thought of as having tattoos and people who had them were dirty criminals and should not be associated with. Due to the mainstream of the world not accepting the practicing of tattoos many tattooists and their clients went into an underground state. It was not always easy for people to even find a tattoo artist even if they were brave enough to be labeled a "low life" by the majority of culture. A lot of places even banned tattooing due to the fact that they thought tattooing was morally wrong and a health risk. Tattooing was still illegal in New York City until 1993. The mystery that surrounds the art of tattooing has always created ignorant ideas from people who are misinformed. Looking back at how people perceived tattoos then and how many "normal" people have them today shows a lot about how the world has changed, specifically in mainstream society. These days one can thrown a rock and hit a tattoo shop, but why the change of heart? Why are tattoos so popular now? Holly Tuesday, a writer for "Skin & Ink" tattoo magazine and heavily tattooed person said "We all, myself included, like to think that we stand out from the crowd.

AIDS Em Sao Paulo(POR) :: Free AIDS Essays

AIDS em Sà £o Paulo O Brasil ocupa lugar de destaque entre os paà ­ses com maior nà ºmero de casos conhecidos de AIDS, contabilizando 170.073 casos (atà © 30/08/99), com a epidemia sem evidencias de controle. A AIDS vem infectando principalmente pessoas cada vez mais jovens e pobres. As prà ¡ticas sexuais sà £o as formas de transmissà £o mais importante. Por outro lado, as mulheres và ªm sendo infectadas mais e mais, com uma velocidade de aumento da epidemia superior ao que ocà ºrre entre os homens, sendo que nos à ºltimos anos a relaà §Ãƒ £o entre os casos notificados em homens e mulheres à © de 3 a 1. Um reflexo da epidemia alcanà §a cada vez mais as mulheres, à © a crescente repercussà £o na transmissà £o materno-infantil do HIV. No Estado de Sà £o Paulo, este situaà §Ãƒ £o à © particularmente mais grave, aqui jà ¡ foram notificados 85.590 casos de AIDS (atà © 31/12/99), que à © cerca de 50% dos casos notificados no Brasil. A Cidade de Sà £o Paulo, com uma populaà §Ãƒ £o 30.000.000 habitantes, acumula 39.042 casos notificados (atà © 31/12/99), representando praticamente 25% dos casos do Paà ­s. Aqui, a AIDS, representa a segunda causa de morte entre homens adultos desde 1991 e a primeira causa de morte entre as mulheres da mesma faixa età ¡ria desde 1993. Com 70% da populaà §Ãƒ £o que ganha atà © tres salà ¡rios mà ­nimos e quatro milhà µes de menores abandonados, nà £o à © difà ­cil compreender a suitaà §Ãƒ £o. O crescimiento pode ser justificado por và ¡rias razà µes, tais como: mudanà §as do comportamento sexual; a relaà §Ãƒ £o direta e indireta com as drogas; a epidemia de AIDS; a dificuldade dos portadores de DST no acesso aos servià §os pà ºblicos de saà ºde; entre outras. Esta dificuldade de acesso aos servià §os pà ºblicos de saà ºde à © observada em muitos estudos. Sà £o Paulo, sendo a cidade mais grande do Latin America, da um terrà ­vel prognà ³stico de o que pode ocorrer no resto de continente.

Red Handed

Title: I was a disappointment to my Dad 2004 was the year my father developed a taste for schedules and routines. It was, and still is, his way of making sure that things are in order, and I suppose it was his way, when we were younger, of ensuring there was some consistency in our daily lives. When Mum left, I think that was all he could think to do – giving us something fixed, something to fall back on, something to let us know that our world still stood firm even as his was falling apart. It was never really the same, our world; he was never really the same. Mum has always been the spontaneous one.She had always done things whenever she felt like it. I suppose that was why she could leave us just like that. She had never been one for commitment. After she left, my father came up with The Schedule. We had to follow it, and by then we were so desperate to keep one parent that we paid attention. He took great pride in us following it for a while. The Schedule gratified him. I remember Fridays were pizza days; they only had the regular pizza then, not the triple cheese extravaganza they do now, something for which I am utterly thankful; on Thursdays we took trips to the parks.It did not matter which park it was or how many times we had been there before. We just went on Thursdays. Matt, three years my junior, and I, would see how many flowers we could find that had at least an insect hovering over them while Father stared blankly into the distance, occasionally, he would smile. Then there were Tuesdays. On Tuesdays, I was to finish whatever assessment Dad asked me to do. I would put in my best effort to have them done to perfection and always long before he came to pick us up at Aunt’s.I would, upon entering his new black BMW, brandish out the assessment to show off to him and I had always been a honest boy so he never tore the answer key out before. Each time, his eyes would light up and tell me I was a good boy and off we would go home where he w ould mark my work and explain my mistakes (which I rarely have) to me. Followed by that, we would be off for dinner at the place I chose but since Matt was still six, Dad did not give him any assignment which meant he had no say in what we were going to have for dinner and he always beg with me to choose Macdonald’s.The World was going to be all right for one more day. Dad’s smile told me so. That particular Tuesday, the day of The Incident, I came face to face with something I wish I never again have to face, but yet I see it time and again, lodged in my guilty mind. The day started off the same way. It started off right. I think that was the worst part, the fact that things could have just taken sudden about-turns. Breakfast, school, Aunt’s. I was nine and I remember feeling, no, knowing that I had forgotten something. That vaguely familiar sense of unease that plagues everyone starts with the innocence of childhood mistakes, I suppose.What was it, the thing t hat I had forgotten? I could not remember. Put away my toys? Done. Helping my brother tie his shoelaces? Done. So what was it? Something was out of order. Something did not belong. Five more minutes left before we had to leave. Ignoring that nagging feeling, I dragged my brother out of another series of ‘Transformers’. He as usual quietly obeyed me as he begged, â€Å"can we have Macdonald’s please? † That was then the realization that dawned on me was like a slow burn. I could feel my skin prickling. My blood seemed to become warmer as it made its way to my head. I had not done my assessments!Dad is going to ‘kill’ me but I only have five minutes left how much can I finish? Oh no! Instinctively, I reached for a pen and told my brother he could watch for another five min. The time slowly ticked by. Five minutes, four minutes†¦ I was out off time! That was when I came up with my idea an idea I wished I had never done. I flipped to the book and found the page I needed to copy. Done! Just on time! I then dragged Matt out of Aunt’s who was as always decisively happy we were leaving. Sitting on the stoop, I could feel Dad finding out I had copied but there was no way because my work was usually perfect. Where is Dad? Where is he? Huh? Where? Where? Why is he not here yet? Huh Bro? † Now Matt was whining about Dad being late. In my unease, I could not even tell him to shut up and he must be surprised by my stillness because he casted a curious glance at me. Before Matt could ask what happened, Dad pulled up along the kerb, his car coughing up exhaust fumes. I pretended to sound as if everything was normal. I waved my assessment at him, my banner of proof. When we reached home, Dad turned over to the answer key and started marking. Little known to me, I had left three evidence there.Firstly, I had left a blue pen mark on the answer key, Secondly; I was doing Primary 5 work so I could not have possibly have got ten full marks, lastly, I had sneezed while copying down the answers so there was still mark of my sneeze. Then I saw that flicker. I saw that flicker in his eyes. Realisation, disappointment, rejection. It was only for a split second but, yes, it was there, the disappointment. I could almost hear him: â€Å"How like her mother she is; how like her mother she is. †He must have known that I had seen the flicker too because then, just like that, I could see him almost willing himself to cast that critical thought aside.I Know he was not able to do so because two years from The Incident, when I do talk to him, something which had grown progressively rare in those days, I still see that flicker in his eye. I never showed him my work after that day and I now mark my own work, he too never asked. Now, every Tuesday, I am often so overwrought I can only find comfort having left a mark on the answer key. I would always recall that Tuesday when I was nine, It was that Tuesday when I s aw that disappointment come to stay in my father’s eyes and no, oh God no, that for the first time, it had been me who had put it there.

QNT Final

What will be the probability that z is greater than 1. 75? 0. 0401 z end up in the higher than 1. 75. 22) A null hypothesis will make a claim about what? A Population parameter Explanation: A null hypothesis is the general default position in a survey and requires a claim off population parameter. 23) Describe the level of significance? Probability off Type I error Explanation: A type 1 error happens when the null hypothesis is true, but rejected at he same time. 24) Let's perform a statistical test of the difference between two proportions at the 0. 05 level of significance.If the computed z is -1. 07, what will be the correct decision? Do not reject the null hypothesis. Explanation: The z is of -1. 07 is acceptable within the range of a . 05 level of significance. 25) What condition must be met to perform a test for the difference of two sample means? Data must be at least of interval scale and populations must be normal. 26) Consider a hypothesis test that compares two population means. The combined degrees of freedom equal 24. What statement about the sample sizes is NOT true? Let's assume the population standard deviations are equal. Sample A = 11.Sample B = 13 Explanation: This must NOT be true because it is outside the limits set by the degree of freedom. 27) What type of chart do we call it when paired data is plotted? Scatter diagram Explanation: Paired data must be plotted in a way that shows the relationship 28) When a variable is used to predict the value of another variable, it is called: Independent variable Explanation: The independent variable is useful for determining the values of variables that are not explicitly known. 29) 20 randomly selected online students were given 1 5 multiple-choice problems ND 15 open-ended problems that cover the same topics.The teacher wanted to know which questions the students scored better on. What kind of test is this? A paired t-test Explanation: The paired t-test evaluates the mean values that result form a s et of data. 30) The weights of 100 units of a product created by two identical processes have same mean, but the standard of process A is 15 while that of B is 7. What is true about this scenario? Unit weights in process B will be grouped closer than in process A. Explanation: A wider standard of process is going to create greater deviation in the end products.

Texas Tech Acceptance Rate: What Does it Take to Get In?

A large research university located in Lubbock, Texas, Texas Tech University offers 150 undergraduate courses of study across 13 schools. Just what does it take to get in? Here’s what you should know. In order to apply to Texas Tech, you’ll need to submit your: *SAT and ACT are superscored . Texas Tech does not require the writing supplement for either test. Students who meet the following criteria are guaranteed admission into Texas Tech: If you do not meet the assured admissions requirements, Texas Tech â€Å"strongly suggests† responding to Essay Prompts A and/or B listed in the essay prompts and submitting three recommendations. Although these application components are not required, you should submit them unless you meet the criteria for assured admission. Texas Tech University recommends that applicants complete the Foundation Curriculum with the Distinguished level of achievement as outlined by the Texas Education Agency . Students who receive automatic admission on the basis of being in the top 10% of their graduating high school class must present a Distinguished diploma. The recommended high-school curriculum is as follows: Language Arts (4 Credits) English I, II & III Advanced English Course Options include English IV, Creative Writing, Humanities, & Advanced Journalism Mathematics (4 Credits) Algebra I Geometry Algebra II Advanced Math Course Options include Precalculus, AQR, AP Statistics & Engineering Mathematics Science (4 Credits) Biology IPC or Advanced Science Two advanced Science Courses Options include Chemistry, Physics, Forensic Science, & Astronomy Social Studies (3 Credits) U.S. History U.S. Government (.5 credit) Economics (.5 credit) World Geography or World History Foreign Language (2 Credits) Both credits must be the same language Note: Some programs have additional foreign language requirements Physical Education (1 Credit) Fine Arts (1 Credit) Electives (6 Credits) With an acceptance rate of 69.2%, Texas Tech is somewhat selective. The average GPA for admitted students in 2.85. The middle 50% of SAT and ACT scores for the freshman class are 1158-1240 and 22-27, respectively. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Texas Tech notes that it evaluates applicants based on their: While the overall admissions rate signifies that admissions are not as competitive at this university compared with some of its peers, you should keep in mind that some programs, such as the Honors College, are more rigorous and have lower acceptance rates than others. You should also bear in mind that not only can your test scores and GPA guarantee you admission into Texas Tech, but they can also qualify you for scholarships that significantly reduce your college costs. â€Å"Most students have an identity, an interest, or a talent that defines them in an essential way. Tell us about yourself.† This makes it clear that Texas Tech looks for curious, passionate students. In your essay and other areas of your application, you should demonstrate a talent that sets you apart and displays your innovation and creativity. Perhaps you’re a creative writer and will demonstrate that through both writing-related extracurricular activities and a dynamite essay. Or maybe you’re a star oboe player. Whatever your hook is, make sure it’s obvious on your application. â€Å"What was the environment in which you were raised? Describe your family, home, neighborhood, or community, and explain how it has shaped you as a person.† While many colleges seek out a diverse student body, Texas Tech goes a step further by asking you to consider how your roots have shaped your identity. This should be a cohesive theme throughout your application: how your community—in whatever way you define it—has contributed to your identity as a person. You might, for example, describe your unique upbringing, being very close to members of your extended family, or participating in your religious or cultural community. Keep the assured admissions criteria in mind. If you meet the assured admissions criteria, Texas Tech can be a secure safety school for you. Otherwise, you will need to put extra effort into the other aspects of your application, such as your essays. Texas Tech provides tips to follow , and you should read ours as well. You should also send teacher recommendations and ensure that your extracurricular profile is strong to make up for weaker grades and test scores. Being denied admission to any college, particularly one of your top choices, is disappointing. Still, it’s important to take a step back and regroup. If you get rejected from Texas Tech, here’s what you can do: Take a gap year or transfer in. If you had your heart set on Texas Tech or received bad news from the other colleges on your list, one option is to take a gap year and reapply next admissions cycle. If you do decide to go this route, make sure you have a productive plan for the year. You might undertake a research project, volunteer, study to improve your SAT scores, or take classes at another college. You can also matriculate at another college and transfer to Texas Tech. As with first-year admissions, the university has assured transfer admission criteria (applicable to your college GPA and credits): Transferable Hours GPA Requirements 12-23 hours 2.50 cumulative   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   24 or more hours 2.25 cumulative Individual schools and majors within the university have additional assured transfer admissions criteria: Architecture: 3.0 GPA Biology, Cell & Molecular Biology, Microbiology: 2.5 GPA Business: 15 hours + 2.75 GPA Community, Family & Addiction Sciences: 2.5 GPA Engineering: 24 hours + 3.0 GPA Honors College: 3.5 GPA Human Development & Family Studies: 2.5 GPA Interior Design: 2.7 GPA Kinesiology/Sport Management: 2.5 GPA Note that if you don’t meet these requirements, Texas Tech will evaluate you based on other criteria. Keep it in perspective. Even if TTU was your top choice, chances are, you’ll find a way to make a college that did accept you work. College really is what you make of it, and if you put effort into adjusting to another school by joining clubs, working hard in your classes, and cultivating a social life, you’ll likely find that you can make a fulfilling college experience for yourself, even if you end up at a college that wasn’t your top choice. When you sign up for our program, we carefully pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal application specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.